At present, Hubei Province has four World Heritage sites, namely Wudang Mountain ancient architecture group, Zhong Xiang Obvious Mausoleum, Tangya Tusi City site, Shennongjia. These names are the symbols of the Jingchu World Heritage Site. They are the witnesses of ancient civilization and the treasure bank of human wisdom. Here, the ancient and new staggered, mysterious and familiar docking, together play a heart-shaking heritage music.
Wudang Mountain Ancient architecture Group, located in the Wudang Mountain Scenic Area of Danjiangkou City, Hubei Province, was built in the Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty (627-649), and carried out large-scale construction in the Song and Yuan dynasties. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di, in order to advocate the "divine grant of monarch power", turned Wudang Mountain Road into a royal family temple. In the tenth year of Yongle (1412), Zhu Di sent more than 500 officials, including Zhang Xin, the emperor of Longping, Muxin, the emperor's son-in-law, and Guo Jin, the servant of the Ministry of Works, as imperial commissioners, leading 200,000 craftsmen, which lasted for 12 years. It has built 33 groups of buildings, including 8 palaces, 2 temples, 36 nunneries and 72 rock temples, with a total construction area of 1.6 million square meters.
Ming Jiajing years and large-scale maintenance and expansion. For more than 200 years in the Ming Dynasty, every new emperor promised various privileges to Wudang Mountain as usual, and directly appointed internal ministers to manage Wudang Mountain on behalf of the emperor, so that the ancient buildings of Wudang Mountain were well preserved and became the first in the world.
Despite that some of the buildings were destroyed in the war in the late Ming and early Qing periods, there are well-preserved 129 buildings with a building area of 50,000 square meters, covering an area of 100 million square meters.
Golden Hall
Purple Cloud Palace
Famous buildings including the Golden Palace, Taihe Palace, Nanyan Palace, Zixiao Palace, Fuzhen Taoist Temple, Xuanyue Gate and more, while important architectural sites include the site of Yuxu Palace and the site of Wulong Palace and more. Among them, the sites of Golden Temple, Nanyan Palace, Zixiao Palace, Xuanyue Gate and Yuxu Palace are approved as Key Cultural Relics Site Under the State Protection. Ancient building complex in Wudang Mountains are listed in the World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 1994.
Xianling Imperial Mausoleum is located in Songlin Mountain, Huangcheng Village, Yingzhong Subdistrict Office, Zhongxiang City. The central geographical coordinates is Situated 112°37′50″～112°38′09″ east longitude and 31°12′20″～31°13′00″ north latitude, covering an area of about 500,000 square meters. The Xianling Imperial Mausoleum is a bisomum of Emperor Jiajing’s parents.
The Xianling Mausoleum
The plane of Xianling is in the shape of a golden vase, and the layout is arranged according to the imperial system of "three dynasties and two palaces" and "five gates of the Son of Heaven"; It is surrounded by yellow tile walls, 6.5 meters high, 1.9 meters thick, and 4730 meters in circumference.
The layout of the mausoleum building in the city is arranged according to the central axis, in turn, the new red gate, the big Red Gate, the stone Pavilion, the Huabao, the Divine Road, the Stone Xiangsheng, Lingxing Gate, the Shenlong Road, the inner Ming Tang, the prism door, the prism hall, the two pillars gate, the fifteen supply, the square city, the treasure city, the nine winding river, the river is connected by five royal Bridges.
Baocheng a total of two, the plane is "8" shape. There are 16 scattered water hydra heads overhanging outwards on the two treasure cities, which are exquisitely designed and are unique drainage systems. In 1988, it was announced by The State Council as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000.
Tangya Tusi City site, located 3 kilometers east of Jianshan Township, Xianfeng County, Hubei Province, is the most typical site in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou minority areas. The site was built in the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1346 AD) and expanded in the early year of the Ming Dynasty (1621 AD), lasting more than 470 years. In its heyday, Tangya "Shuai Mansion" had a grand scale and imposing style, covering an area of 577,500 square meters, with 3 streets, 18 lanes, 36 courtyards, and facilities such as government offices, official speech halls, large and small yamen, savings banks, prison cells, academies, shooting ranges, left and right barracks, imperial gardens, and animal gardens.
In the Tusi City, there are also temples such as Datianshi Temple, Huanhou Temple and Xuanwu Temple. In the 13th year of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, with the implementation of bureaucratization of native officers, and the Tangya Si was abolished. The most complete stone memorial archway preserved at the site of Tusi City was built in the 3rd year of Tianqi in the Ming Dynasty (1623 A.D.), engraved with characters 'Jingnan Xiongzhen' on the front and 'Chuyu Pinghan' on the opposite side. There are also relief patterns engraved showing stories of “King's tour”, “Rural education”, ”Clouds and misty rain“， “Nezha in the sea”, and “Huaiyin Songzi”.
Tangya Tusi site scenic spot
On the Tangya River front of the archway, there are two stone shepherds and two stone horses, and the stone figures are solemn and solemn. Tusi city in front of Tangya River, after the basalt mountain, the terrain is dangerous, unique scenery. Since the return of more than 260 years, although the war has been ravaged, and by the "Cultural Revolution" havoc, but so far the street walls are still clear, some buildings are still well preserved, is the most typical, the largest, the most complete preservation of a Tangya Tuji city site in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou minority areas.
Inside and outside the city, all over the cultural landscape, the most important stone figures, stone horses, stone archway and other large stone carvings, soil king tombs and ancient tombs, husband and wife, concubine springs and other dozens of scenic spots. On July 4, 2015, at the 39th session of the World Heritage Assembly held in Bonn, Germany, the joint declaration of Lao Si City site in Yongshun, Hunan Province, Tangya Tusi City site in Enshi, Hubei Province, and Hailongtun Tusi site in Zunyi, Guizhou were approved for inclusion in the World Heritage List and became World cultural Heritage sites. These three sites are the remains of the heyday of the chieftain system.
Shennongjia, the largest primary forest and national nature reserve in central China. It is located on the border of Hubei, Shaanxi and Chongqing. Facing the Yangtze River in the south and Wudang Mountain in the north, it is the place where the Daba Mountains and Qinling Mountains meet, and it is also the zone of transition from the southern subtropical zone to the northern temperate zone in China. It covers an area of 3,250 square kilometers.
The Shennongjia Peak is 3,105.4 meters above sea level. With dense forests and deep valleys, the scenery of primitive times is still well-preserved. Therefore, the Shennongjia Reserve abounds in fauna and flora resources. There are more than 1,000 species of trees and 570 kinds of wild animals including rare albino species, such as white bear, white snake, white deer, white monkey, and is therefore hailed as the “forest sea in central China” and “natural botanical garden.”
According to legend, it was once the place where Shennong's (Yan Emperor) settled down in ancient times to farm, taste all kinds of grass, and collect medicine to cure diseases. Because the mountain is high and the wall is steep, the vast Shennong family also had to take a stand on it, so it was named "Shennong Jia". Tourism resources here are rich: Xiong Feng secluded valley, mysterious color, attractive; Rare animals, flower garden, unparalleled; Strange caves and rocks, waterfalls and clouds, beautiful. The main scenic spots are Banbi Rock, Dajiu Lake, Xiaodangyang, Xiangxiyuan, Yanyanya and so on. Specialties are Chinese herbs, root carving, mushrooms, wild honey, walnuts, gynostaphyllum and so on.
In 1990, Shennongjia was listed by UNESCO as a member of the international Network of Man and Biosphere Reserves. In 1995, it was designated as a "biodiversity conservation Demonstration site" by the World Wide Fund for Nature. In 2013, Hubei Shennongjia National Geopark was officially included in the UNESCO Global Geopark List. On July 17, 2016, at the 40th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Hubei Shennongjia was awarded the title of "World Natural Heritage Site". At this point, Hubei Shennongjia has also become the first site in China to receive the "triple Crown" list of UNESCO's three protection systems: Human and Biosphere Reserve, global Geopark and World Heritage.
